The Secret in the Sand Dunes

Spoiler Alert: it's Christmas Trees

A Hurricane Sandy Story

Dominick Solazzo likes to say the healthy dunes at Midway Beach and South Seaside Park on the Jersey Shore have a “secret ingredient.” Of course, it’s a secret that gives itself away pretty readily when the wind blows.

“It’s Christmas trees,” Solazzo says with a smile. Discarded (natural) Christmas trees donated by the city of Secaucus, New Jersey and given a second life—so to speak—as sand dunes. And, yes, according to him and a few of his neighbors, you can smell the sharp, familiar scent of fir through late winter and part of the spring.

But why Christmas trees? In a word: structure.

“They’re like rebar in concrete,” explains Solazzo. “They help hold the sand and the dune in place, and give it structure. And good structure matters for dunes. It matters a lot.”

Sandy and the Dunes

Solazzo knows all about dune structure. He’s the President of the Midway Beach Condo Association and dune beach administrator, and has been helping build and maintain the dunes in this community and neighboring South Seaside Park for decades.

Over the years, he and volunteers from the community—and across the Jersey Shore—have spent countless hours planting seagrass and putting up mile after mile of dune fencing, all for the sake of making the dunes strong.

When Hurricane Sandy roared ashore in October 2012, Midway Beach was one of the only communities without water damage. “Our dunes protected us,” notes Solazzo. But the dunes themselves took a beating in the process and lost a lot of their volume. Undaunted, the community, says Solazzo, “got the dune fencing up immediately after Sandy and started getting our sand back from day one.”

Dune grasses have deep roots that help trap sand and anchor the dunes, and help them grow and resist wind erosion. © Cara Byington/TNC

How to Build a Sand Dune (Christmas Trees Not Suitable for All Locations)

Despite what they may look like, healthy sand dunes are not just big piles of sand. To over simplify a bit, they are complex systems built from four key ingredients: wind, beach grasses, sand and air. (Since sand is not what anyone would call “nutrient-rich,” air provides the nitrogen beach grasses need to survive so it gets a kind of double mention here).

Dunes are also one of nature’s beautiful dichotomies—like a spider web—simultaneously strong and fragile. They can stand up to storms like Sandy and still be damaged by a footstep, which is where the need for human help to rebuild the dunes and maintain their structure (and  the occasional load of used Christmas trees from Secaucus) comes in.

In the natural order of things, dunes form when enough sand is present to provide a toe hold for beach grasses to grow. As the grasses grow, they catch blowing sand and their root systems help hold the dune in place as more and more sand piles up. Over time, detritus from the grasses makes it possible for plants like beach goldenrod and bayberry to take root and begin to grow and provide more structure for the dune—the thing is, that cycle can take a very long time.

Beach grass and dune fencing — fencing from previous years is visible a couple of inches above the sand. © Cara Byington/TNC

So communities like Midway Beach have found ways to help their dunes grow and stay strong by annually planting beach grasses, and criss-crossing their dunes with wood-slatted fencing to help catch and anchor sand. As the sand collects year over year, it buries some of the fencing which stays in place and helps provide even more, yes, structure.

And sometimes communities also add Christmas trees—lights and ornaments removed, of course—to their dunes because the branch and needle structure of fir trees is excellent at anchoring sand. The trees also provide an extra boost of nitrogen and other nutrients to support the beach grasses and help the dune retain moisture during the summer. But it’s important to note, says Solazzo, that Christmas trees are not a one-size-fits-all solution. They’re not suitable for all beaches, especially if there are erosion problems.

Fortunately, the trees are great for Midway. So Secaucus gets to recycle its trees and Midway’s dunes get some nice structural reinforcement.

That also smells good.

A Piece of Paradise

“Sand dunes that smell like Christmas,” says Chuck Cerria. “It’s one of the many things my wife and I love about having a place here.”

Midway Beach homeowner Chuck Cerria at his place on the Jersey Shore. © Cara Byington/TNC

In fact, for the Cerrias, it was the sand dunes that first brought them to this part of the Jersey Shore almost five years ago now. It was the spring after Hurricane Sandy and Cerria and his granddaughter Anna, who was five at the time, volunteered to help replant dune grasses in Midway Beach.

Despite having grown up spending his summers on the Jersey Shore, Cerria had never heard of Midway Beach, but immediately fell in love with the community. “It struck me,” he says now, “as a place of rare tranquility and beauty.”

He and his family had been volunteering in Sandy Hook and Long Beach Island since January and had seen a lot of the devastation from Sandy up close.

“Everything was just destroyed,” he says. “Do you know how much trash you can pick up on a beach after a storm like that? I’ll tell you: a lot. And then I got here to Midway and there was no damage. I couldn’t believe it. So when a house came up for sale in the community, we bought it.”

Chuck and his wife Jill were the first people to purchase property here after Hurricane Sandy, and they’ve never looked back.

“We call it our little slice of paradise,” says Cerria. “If my wife and I can finally realize our dream of having a place close to the Jersey Shore, what better place to be than one that survived the most catastrophic storm we’ve seen in a long time. There are never any guarantees, but we take a lot of comfort from our dunes.”

And, he says with a smile, “Every year, we send a note to Secaucus to thank them for the Christmas trees.”

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8 comments

  1. Jay Harrod says:

    Who would’ve thunk! Discarded Christmas trees helping reduce flood risk for a beach community. Great story. Thanks for digging into it.

  2. Dave Brooks says:

    Fine story – but who spells “rebar” with a dash?

    1. Cara Byington says:

      Woops. Bad habit — it just didn’t look right to me without it, but I should have checked the spelling. Rebar it is.

  3. Denise A. Bletsos says:

    Excellent article and I wonder if the ideas could be applied to California shore line

  4. Amy E Schmersal Paradise says:

    This avoids the real issue: Building where we shouldnot be building. On barier beaches. In marshlands. 100 feet from the water. We waste BILLIIONs of dollars on rebuilding things best left to nature to manage. People should move back away from these areas and leave them alone. Read no permanent habitation NONE. within .? half a mile of the beach, river bank, water way? Your experts could figure that out. We are still hung up on making things Pretty for PEOPLE. We had better prioritize all the others critters and life forms . Or like the sea gulls that no longer live by the sea, we will disappear.

  5. Trudy Fleming says:

    What a lovely article you have written on sand dunes.
    When I was a little girl I would collect used Christmas trees that were discarded as trash and drag them home and make a fought out of them. This was in Hollis, Queens, NY in the mid 1950’s

    It was so much fun and the ground (soil) retained the cent of the pine needles long after the tree fought
    was comprimized

    Please help me to understand..I have mis-spelled some words and it is indicated on the screen but I do not see a place to press for spell check……..where is the spell check button?

    1. Cara Byington says:

      Hi Trudy — thanks so much for your kind note. What a fun idea to make forts out of Christmas trees. On the spellcheck, sadly, as far as I can tell, our comments section doesn’t have that feature. Considering the comment above pointing my spelling error in the hyphenation of rebar…I’m with you on wishing they had one. Thought I still think rebar looks wrong.

  6. Carol Becht says:

    Ms. Byington, Thank you for this story. Not only have I learned more about dunes and how they are formed but once again I am reminded of the power of one. I hope you will tell Mr. Dominick Solazzo that I think he is a true hero. His resourcefulness and dedication to taking care of these dunes, has made a difference for so many. We should all be in the repair mode for our planet and take action before there is little left to fix. Nature will restore, if we just give it a chance. With all the environmental bad news lately, I feel encouraged that we can make things better. (Using discarded Christmas trees is genius)