Science for Policy

Innovative Conservation Science to Meet the Challenges of our Time

How to protect the world’s biodiversity will be the point and priority of the 2024 United Nation’s Biodiversity Conference (COP16) October 21 through November 1 in Cali, Colombia. This year’s meeting will focus on the Global Biodiversity Framework developed at the last Biodiversity Conference (COP15) in Montreal, Canada.

COP16: Your Guide to the 2024 UN Biodiversity Conference

October 21-November 1 in Cali, Colombia

Since 2015, governments have had the legally binding Paris Agreement—like a collective guiding star on climate—but now is the time to update decadal globally agreed targets for nature. So the focus is implementing the new, 10-year Global Biodiversity Framework: humanity’s roadmap towards a more nature-positive future.

The science is clear: As global biodiversity continues to decline at an alarming rate, we must protect 30% of terrestrial, inland water and marine areas by 2030. To ensure long-lasting protection, these conserved areas must be effectively managed and inclusively governed.

Dive deeper on biodiversity issues and learn more about the paths to implementation with TNC’s Guides: Biodiversity Action, Close the Nature Funding Gap, Build Better for Biodiversity, Recognize Local Leaders, + Partnerships for Protecting Nature

Biodiversity + Climate Change

Two crises pose a serious threat to life on Earth: the climate change crisis and the nature crisis. They are intrinsically linked. Natural ecosystems play a fundamental role in climate change mitigation, from strengthening the capacity of low-lying areas to withstand storms, to building resilience to drought, floods and fire.

More about Biodiversity + Climate Change

Earlier Springs Cause Problems for Birds

A climate change induced mismatch between green up and migration may prove too much for some species. But researchers say there’s still hope

Christine Peterson

Peatlands Are One of Earth’s Most Underrated Ecosystems

Peatlands are incredible Natural Climate Solutions. They cover only 3% of Earth’s surface, but store around 30% of all the carbon on land.

Ayla Norris Smith

From Moose to Marmots, Microclimates Could Provide Climate Buffer

Microclimates — variation in everything from rock formations to vegetation — will help species survive the current and future climate crisis.

Christine Peterson

30X30 Protected Areas

TNC supports a new deal for nature calling for 30 percent of ocean, land and water to be managed as intact and fully functional natural ecosystems. It’s not enough to draw lines on a map—we need to improve the design, management, financing and interconnectivity of these critical areas that sustain us all.  

30×30: Eight Steps to Protect the Best on Earth

More about 30×30 Protected Areas

Nature and Equity: The Future of Lasting Conservation?

Solutions to the challenges of biodiversity loss and climate change may require entwined solutions framed by “Nature and Equity.”

Cara Cannon Byington

Story type: TNC Science Brief

Market-based Climate Mitigation and Biodiversity Conservation Solutions Must Consider Gender

To be equitable, market-based climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation solutions must also consider gender at their core.

Cara Cannon Byington

Story type: TNC Science Brief

Biodiversity Conservation: 7 Principles for Matching Goals with Actions

Scientists offer 7 key principles to help achieve the Convention on Biological Diversity’s 2050 vision: living in harmony with nature.

Cara Cannon Byington

Story type: TNC Science Brief

Biodiversity + Protected Areas

Protections should be placed in areas scientifically identified as having the highest conservation value and that represent the planet’s biodiversity. But protected areas alone are not enough without science-based management. A protected area that has lost most of its large mammals, birds and trees through illegal activities cannot fully contribute to reducing extinction rates.

More about Biodiversity + Protected Areas

Pronghorn Place: Preserve Protects Wildlife Migration Route

On Idaho’s Flat Ranch Preserve, pronghorn have room to roam.

Kris Millgate

Mapping the Planet’s Critical Areas for Biodiversity & Nature’s Contributions to People

New science points to areas where conservation can provide 90% of nature’s contributions to people and meet biodiversity goals.

Matthew L. Miller

Story type: TNC Science Brief

Prioritizing Land Protection to Save Mammals from Extinction

A new study identifies habitats where strengthening existing conservation protections can reduce extinction risk for mammals.

Justine E. Hausheer

Story type: TNC Science Brief

Biodiversity + Indigenous Knowledge

Scientific evidence shows us that indigenous peoples and local communities are often more effective conservation stewards than government-funded protected area agencies. Indigenous owned and managed lands and waters should receive recognition and support for their role in achieving biodiversity conservation targets.

More about Biodiversity + Indigenous Knowledge

Protected Areas are Vital, but they are not Enough for Lasting Biodiversity Conservation

Sustaining global biodiversity requires broadening the area-based conservation toolkit beyond protected areas.

Cara Cannon Byington

Story type: TNC Science Brief

Saving Animals by Mapping Their Migrations

Maps that display migration data with the human connections and livelihoods can help advance sustainable conservation.

Cara Cannon Byington

Story type: TNC Science Brief

Four Steps for the Earth: Mainstreaming the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

The upcoming Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) meeting, and adoption of the new Global Biodiversity Framework, represent an opportunity to […]

Biodiversity + Siting

Very little of the planet is truly “untouched”—95 percent of the Earth’s surface outside of the polar regions has been modified by humans. Whether it’s clearing land to grow crops and build cities, or fragmenting habitats with highways and railroads, human development has changed the surface of the planet in a variety of ways.

More about Biodiversity + Siting

Empowering Communities with Solar

The ongoing transformation of the U.S.’s energy systems creates a compelling opportunity to build the energy infrastructure of the future.

Cara Cannon Byington

Story type: TNC Science Brief

A New Future for Mine Lands in the Central Appalachians

In Central Appalachian, mine lands can be restored to forests in ways that benefit biodiversity, carbon storage and local economies.

Matthew L. Miller

Solar Energy Development Doesn’t Have to Destroy Vital Habitat (but It Could)

With careful planning, the U.S. could produce needed solar energy and still protect lands important for animal movement and migration.

Cara Cannon Byington

Story type: TNC Science Brief

Biodiversity + Cities

Science to help plan cities with nature in mind. With nearly 70 percent of the world’s population expected to live in urban areas by 2050, cities are swelling to accommodate newcomers. It is and will be necessary to integrate biodiversity protection into development, but a new deal for nature should establish national incentives for nature-based solutions in urban areas.

More about Biodiversity + Cities

What Does Urbanization Mean for Melbourne’s Platypus?

National Geographic Society & TNC extern Brendan Cohen recounts his kayak journey along the Yarra River, where platypus are under threat from urbanization.

Brendan Cohen

To Protect Nature, Cities Matter in the Urban Century

New science shows where science-based urban planning could save species, turn cities into biodiversity hubs, and save land for nature.

Cara Cannon Byington

Story type: TNC Science Brief

It’s Not Too Late for Biodiversity in Heavily Urbanized Environments

It’s not too late for the 102 species at risk of extinction in the heavily urbanized Fraser River estuary of British Columbia.

Matthew L. Miller

Story type: TNC Science Brief

Biodiversity + The Ocean

Science to protect, restore and manage marine ecosystems by creating high seas and coastal havens where nature can regenerate and fortify itself against climate change and other threats.

More about Biodiversity + The Ocean

Want to Suppress Coral Disease? Bring Back Sea Cucumbers

By feeding on microbial pathogens in marine sediment, the weird and wonderful sea cucumber can enhance reef resilience by suppressing coral diseases.

Cara Cannon Byington

Story type: TNC Science Brief

Meet Lizzie McLeod, TNC’s Global Oceans Director

From religion major to glass blower to leader in global ocean conservation, Lizzie McLeod’s career path has been anything but conventional.

Matthew L. Miller

Migration Data Helps Protect Leatherbacks Across Oceans

Data from a TNC-lead tagging study reveals the epic migrations of leatherback turtles.

Justine E. Hausheer

Biodiversity + Fresh Water

Protect and restore ecosystem function in watersheds (e.g., water funds) to provide access to safe drinking water and be a safe haven for wildlife and a resilient buffer to climate change.

More about Biodiversity + Fresh Water

Mapping the World’s Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystems Reveals Protection Gaps

A first-of-its-kind global map shows 53% of groundwater-dependent ecosystems are in areas of known groundwater depletion, and likely at risk.

Cara Cannon Byington

Story type: TNC Science Brief

Freshwater Migratory Fish are in Trouble All Over the World

The Living Planet Index reports a staggering 81% average decline in global freshwater migratory fish populations since 1970.

Cara Cannon Byington

Story type: TNC Science Brief

Making Global Freshwater Targets Local

Creative solutions that go beyond conventional protected areas are necessary to safeguard the future of global freshwater ecosystems.

Matthew L. Miller

Story type: TNC Science Brief

Biodiversity + Agriculture

Science for Sustainable Food Production. When it comes to the climate and biodiversity crises, the agricultural sector is both challenge and solution. Science shows many of the most productive approaches to farming work with nature and promote mutually beneficial relationships between food production and the ecological processes that sustain it.

More about Biodiversity + Agriculture

New Study Finds People and Nature Thrive With Diversified Farming

A new global study finds that the benefits of diversified agriculture are abundantly clear, whether for food security, biodiversity or the bottom line. 

Matthew L. Miller

Story type: TNC Science Brief

Aquaculture Adds Value to Habitat

Bivalve and seaweed farming systems result in measurable increases in fish and invertebrate abundance and diversity.

Megan Munkacsky

Story type: TNC Science Brief

Linking Birds, Farmer Attitudes and Conservation

A new paper examines how farmer attitudes towards birds affect on-farm conservation practices.

Matthew L. Miller

Biodiversity + Restoration

Science for restoring lost habitats and reducing future impacts. Humanity has left a significant mark on roughly half of the Earth’s lands beyond the polar regions, as well as the majority of the global ocean. To reach biodiversity goals, we need to protect nature in areas outside of wilderness, such as cities and farms.

More about Biodiversity + Restoration

When Sea Cucumbers Spawn, Where Do Their Larvae Go?

New research on sea cucumber genetics indicates that locally managed marine areas are a good way to protect this fishery for communities.

Justine E. Hausheer

Story type: TNC Science Brief

Want Resilient Coral Reefs? Bring Back Seabirds

Eradicating rats and restoring seabird populations could increase coral reef resilience to climate disturbances.

Justine E. Hausheer

Story type: TNC Science Brief

Natural Forest Regrowth Works for Climate Change Mitigation

One of the most powerful ways trees can help mitigate global climate change may also be one of the most overlooked: letting nature takes its course.

Cara Cannon Byington

Story type: TNC Science Brief