{"id":65803,"date":"2018-09-11T06:00:36","date_gmt":"2018-09-11T10:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nature.org\/?p=65803"},"modified":"2020-07-05T00:04:40","modified_gmt":"2020-07-05T04:04:40","slug":"meet-6-small-and-bizarre-deer-species","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.nature.org\/2018\/09\/11\/meet-6-small-and-bizarre-deer-species\/","title":{"rendered":"Meet 6 Small and Bizarre Deer Species"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

For many of us, deer are the most familiar and most encountered large mammals. Across the United States, the white-tailed deer thrives in rural, suburban and even urban environments. It\u2019s become so common as to often be a nuisance \u2013 munching on landscaping, causing vehicle accidents and devastating forest ecosystems<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

But the deer family, Cervidae, consists of 55 species (subject to taxonomic debate) found around the world. Cervids including some of the world’s most charismatic large mammals, including moose, elk and reindeer. Others, though, are small and secretive \u2013 and bizarre. There are deer with tusks instead of antlers, deer that bark and at least one deer that no researcher has ever seen alive.<\/p>\n\n

I\u2019m a lifelong deer fanatic and have long been fascinated by the lesser-known members of the family. Here are 6 cool and cryptic little deer, and where to find them.<\/p>\n\n

\n\n
    \n
  1. \n

    Water Deer<\/h3>\n\n

    (Hydropotes inermis)<\/p>\n\n

    \"\"
    Water deer \u00a9 Nick Goodrum \/ flickr via Creative Commons License<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

    Unlike most deer species, the water deer lacks antlers. Instead, it has tusks \u2013 actually canine teeth that point down. These tusks can be quite prominent, so much so that a popular local name is \u201cvampire deer.\u201d Usually, a territorial male just clicks the tusks to deter rivals, but if need be, water deer will engage in tusk-to-tusk combat.<\/p>\n\n

    Water deer are native to much of Korea and parts of China. In the late 1800s, they were introduced to Woburn Abbey<\/a>, an English deer park known for its exotic species. Water deer from Woburn and another British park escaped, resulting in a feral population existing in parts of England.<\/p>\n\n

    Where to See: <\/strong>Water deer are widespread and even considered an agricultural pest in Korea. Some dedicated mammal watchers have reported finding them in places like Seosan Lakes<\/a>. Undoubtedly, they\u2019re easier to see in England, including at Woburn Abbey.<\/p>\n\n

    I consider Woburn Abbey a must-see for dedicated deer nerds. You\u2019ll be able to get fantastic observations of water deer and other cervid species on beautiful, historic grounds. And it\u2019s also the site that saved the Pere David\u2019s deer from extinction in what is perhaps the weirdest species rescue of all time.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n

  2. \n

    Pudu<\/h3>\n\n

    (Pudu puda and Pudu mephistophiles)<\/p>\n\n

    \"\"
    Pudu \u00a9 Frederic BISSON \/ flickr via Creative Commons License<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

    Two closely related species of pudu, the northern and southern, are the smallest deer species on earth. They stand about 12 to 17 inches at the shoulder; at birth fawns are only about six inches high. And a pudu fawn<\/a> is almost impossibly cute: part bunny, part Bambi, part plush toy.<\/p>\n\n

    The male pudu\u2019s has short-spiked antlers that don\u2019t branch. The deer live in South American temperate rainforests, and have suffered heavily from habitat loss.<\/p>\n\n

    Where to See:<\/strong> Finding a pudu in a thick rainforest is not easy. Mammal watcher extraordinaire Jon Hall recommends Parque Tepuhueico<\/a>, a private reserve in Chile, for excellent chances at spotting southern pudu. The Nature Conservancy\u2019s Valdivian Coastal Reserve<\/a>, also in Chile, provides excellent habitat for pudus, where they are monitored by trail cameras.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n

  3. \n

    Indian Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjac)<\/h3>\n\n

    (Muntiacus muntjac)<\/p>\n\n

    \"\"
    Indian Muntjac \u00a9 Brian Gratwicke \/ flickr via a Creative Commons License<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

    Muntjac have antlers, but there aren\u2019t many other similarities between these Asian deer and the whitetail in your backyard. They\u2019re small and often hide in thick forest habitat. They have small tusks, which they use for fighting. They give a sharp, loud bark as an alarm.<\/p>\n\n

    There are around 15 species of these animals, most found in South Asia. The Indian muntjac is relatively common, but is still poorly understood. It has fewer chromosomes (7 for the male, 6 for the female), than any other mammal.<\/p>\n\n

    The Indian muntjac, unlike most hoofed mammals, is omnivorous, and has been documented dining on eggs and even carrion. It has a visible post-orbital gland \u2013 the dark spot at the base of the eye \u2013 that it uses for scent marking its territory.<\/p>\n\n

    Where To See:<\/strong> Spend enough time in India\u2019s national parks, like Bandhavgarh or Kaziranga, and you have a good chance of seeing muntjacs (or, as they are appropriately known there, barking deer). You will often have only a quick view as the muntjac darts back into thick habitat.<\/p>\n\n

    Another species, the Reeves muntjac, was another deer introduction to Woburn Abbey. And like the water deer, muntjac escaped. The species is now invasive and can be seen throughout the British countryside.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n

  4. \n

    Truong Son Muntjac<\/h3>\n\n

    (Muntiacus truongsonensis)<\/p>\n\n

    \"\"
    Since there are no images of a living Truong Son Muntjac, here’s a saola for consolation. Saola \u00a9 Bill Robichaud \/ flickr via a Creative Commons License<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

    The Truong Son muntjac was documented by scientists in 1997 in the Annamite Mountains of Vietnam. Its \u201cdiscovery\u201d was perhaps overshadowed by that of the saola<\/a>, the large ox-like mammal found in the same mountain range.<\/p>\n\n

    Like the saola, no Western researcher has ever seen a live Truong Son muntjac. The initial species description was based on skulls found in village markets and homes. There was a ten year period beginning in 2004 when there was no further evidence of these muntjacs. In 2014, a forest guard found a Truong Son muntjac in a trap and released it, documented on video<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

    The Annamite Mountains are home to another endemic muntjac species, the large-antlered muntjac. Unfortunately, these special animals are all threatened by rampant poaching by snares.<\/p>\n\n

    Where to See:<\/strong> The Truong Son muntjac is a true grail mammal. Seeing one would require a difficult expedition, extraordinary field skills and even more extraordinary luck. Look for a saola<\/a> while you\u2019re at it.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n

  5. \n

    Pygmy Brocket Deer<\/h3>\n\n

    (Mazama nana)<\/p>\n\n

    \"\"
    Pygmy brocket deer \u00a9 Niall Corbet\/ flickr via a Creative Commons License<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

    At first glance, brocket deer appear to be the New World version of muntjacs. They\u2019re actually not that closely related, but brocket deer are small, cryptic deer found in forests in the Yucatan Peninsula south through Central and South America.<\/p>\n\n

    As recently as the 1990s, taxonomists recognized only four brocket species. Recent studies indicate there may be as many as 23 species. Some are relatively common and even frequently seen \u2013 if briefly \u2013 in national parks, reserves and cultural sites.<\/p>\n\n

    Many species, though, are rarely seen, even by researchers. The pygmy brocket is a perfect example. Found in a small region of Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, it is secretive and nocturnal. Even on this crowded, heavily-studied planet, there are secrets. Even among deer.<\/p>\n\n

    Where to See:<\/strong> Some reports indicate pygmy brocket deer can be spotted at Iguazu Falls National Park<\/a> in Argentina. Given the crowded nature of that popular tourist attraction, and the thick forest surrounding it, I suspect finding one there involves lottery odds \u2013 but it\u2019s worth the try.<\/p>\n\n

    Other brocket species can be spotted by being alert and putting in time in many of Latin America\u2019s excellent wildlife areas. I have seen the red brocket in Peru\u2019s Manu National Park<\/a>, and a brown brocket in the Brazilian Pantanal<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n

  6. \n

    Hog Deer<\/h3>\n\n

    (Axis porcinus)<\/p>\n\n

    \"\"
    Hog Deer \u00a9 Mike Prince \/ Flickr under a Creative Commons License<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

    This stocky deer is found in grassy floodplains, so it\u2019s a bit easier to see than most on this list. It has short legs and tips its head back when running, so that it looks more like a pig than a deer (hence the name). Although a typically solitary species, they can be seen in large herds gathering on grasslands after a fire, where they feed on grass shoots.<\/p>\n\n

    Many deer species in the world have not fared as well as white-tailed deer, including the hog deer. Their South Asian populations have declined by more than 90 percent over the past 25 years due to poaching and habitat loss. They are mainly now confined to national parks and reserves.<\/p>\n\n

    Where to See:<\/strong> Kaziranga National Park, located in northeastern India, is the stronghold of hog deer, with an estimated population of 15,000 animals. This spectacular park is also home to one-horned rhinos, elephants, wild water buffalo, swamp deer and more. It\u2019s one of the great wildlife reserves on earth.<\/p>\n\n

    Nepal\u2019s Royal Chitwan and Bardia national parks also have strong populations of this species.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Vampire deer. Six-inch fawns. A species no researcher has ever seen alive. And more.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":256,"featured_media":65832,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"byline":{"profiles":[{"type":"byline_id","atts":{"term_id":19016,"post_id":48233}}]},"cgs_exclude_from_tnc_science":true,"cgs_references":"","cgs_subhed":"Vampire deer. Six-inch fawns. A species no researcher has ever seen alive. 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