{"id":39991,"date":"2013-10-11T06:00:06","date_gmt":"2013-10-11T10:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nature.org\/?p=39991"},"modified":"2018-03-28T16:39:30","modified_gmt":"2018-03-28T20:39:30","slug":"new-science-mangrove-forests-carbon-store-map","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.nature.org\/2013\/10\/11\/new-science-mangrove-forests-carbon-store-map\/","title":{"rendered":"Science: Mangrove Forests as Incredible Carbon Stores"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

My colleagues and I have just published a study in Conservation Letters<\/em><\/a>\u00a0in which we work out how much carbon there is in the world\u2019s mangrove forests<\/a>, give or take a bit.<\/p>\n\n

And we mapped it.<\/p>\n\n

And here\u2019s why these findings are tremendously important:<\/p>\n\n

They quantify what some of us in marine conservation have been saying for a decade or more: That mangrove forests are among the most carbon-rich habitats on the planet<\/strong>.\u00a0That, although they occupy just a fraction of the world\u2019s surface, they pack a punch.<\/p>\n\n

Anyone concerned about preserving nature\u2019s value \u2014 carbon sequestration and all the other benefits mangroves provide us \u2014 needs to think hard about this.<\/p>\n\n

Because on average,<\/strong> mangroves have double the living biomass of tropical forests overall<\/strong>. This means that if you want to slow carbon emissions, one of the first places you could look would be in the mangroves. Stop an acre of loss here, and you will achieve a much bigger win than in many other areas.<\/p>\n\n

But the average also hides a host of variance. Look at the map here and you\u2019ll see that there\u2019s a tenfold range in above-ground biomass:<\/p>\n\n

\"Figure
Figure 1. Global mangrove map showing modeled patterns of above-ground biomass per unit area. Source: Hutchison et al. 2013.<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n

So as we make our increasingly bold statements about the importance of mangrove biomass \u2014 or indeed around any ecosystem services \u2014 it is SO important that we have the numbers to back up our claims.<\/p>\n\n

Until this\u00a0paper, the best we could in most places was provide a global average number<\/strong>.\u00a0 \u201cA typical mangrove has 152 tons of aboveground biomass per hectare,\u201d we might say.<\/p>\n\n

That doesn\u2019t sound at all convincing whether you are standing at the foot of canopy giant in Berau, Indonesia, or indeed on the margins of straggly community of mangrove shrubs in the desert margins of the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n

To do this new paper, we stood on the shoulders of hundreds of others who have sweated and toiled in the tropical heat of the mangroves, doing the real work of assessing biomass.<\/p>\n\n

We took numbers from 95 studies around the world and built a computer model around the climatic factors that help to drive the variability in biomass from place to place.<\/p>\n\n

It\u2019s a model, of course, and only captures part of reality, but it\u2019s a huge advance<\/strong>. We need this sort of work \u2014 both the hard data from the field scientists and the verifiable models of what\u2019s going on.<\/p>\n\n

It means so much more than average numbers. Without it, all our platitudes and pleadings about the value of nature run the risk of sounding hollow.<\/p>\n\n

The map shows the real hotspots for mangrove biomass. The countries of the Coral Triangle lead the way, but the overlap with coral reefs isn\u2019t always neat — it\u2019s the wet muddy coasts of Sumatra, Borneo, and New Guinea that have the very high biomass.<\/p>\n\n

So, too, does an extraordinary stretch of coastline in on the Pacific coast of Colombia and Northern Ecuador. In all these places mangroves are truly breathtaking — gigantic trees with canopies reaching well over 30m high. These are found on wide, still growing deltas where they hold together sediments and add vast amounts of organic nutrients to the soils and the surrounding waters.<\/p>\n\n

When it comes to soils, we\u2019re still struggling with the models a bit, but the story is equally compelling. Most mangrove forests lay down peat<\/strong> \u2014 thick, heavy layers of carbon-rich soil that stays waterlogged and doesn\u2019t rot.<\/p>\n\n

There are other important peat forests worldwide, but the microbial processes in those peat forests give off pretty substantial amounts of methane, which is a greenhouse gas in its own right. The saline soils of the mangroves generally prevent this methane production. That gives us a huge extra carbon store in the soil.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

But it\u2019s not just<\/em> a store. Mangroves are celebrated as one of the most productive ecosystems on the planet, and it is believed that about 10% of what they produce also gets sequestered away in the soil.<\/p>\n\n

That word \u201csequestered\u201d should be music to our ears. In other words, mangroves are natural carbon-scrubbers<\/strong>, taking CO2 out of the atmosphere and packing it away, for millennia or more, in their rich soils.<\/p>\n\n

So if you had a dollar to invest in carbon futures, my strongest advice of all would be to invest in preventing mangrove loss, or even restoration<\/a>. There\u2019s no magic cure to the challenges of global change \u2013 warming, rising seas, worsening storms and ocean acidification \u2013 we\u2019ll only ever get there through a combination of interventions. Mangroves aren\u2019t sufficiently widespread to tip the scales, but they give a greater return on investment than many other mitigation efforts.<\/p>\n\n

But on a unit-area basis, it would be hard to think of a more important ecosystem<\/strong>. And that\u2019s before you even start to add up the value for fisheries, timber, tourism, coastal protection and so on.<\/p>\n\n

This work was supervised by Dr. Mark Spalding, the lead author was James Hutchison, a researcher at the University of Cambridge now working with TNC on mangrove fisheries, and the other co-authors were other Cambridge conservation scientists: Andrea Manica, Ruth Swetnam (now at University of Staffordshire) and Andrew Balmford.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Based on these new findings, says Conservancy marine scientist Mark Spalding, the world should be investing a lot more in preventing mangrove loss and restoration.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":256,"featured_media":58009,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"byline":{"profiles":[{"type":"byline_id","atts":{"term_id":19029,"post_id":48236}}]},"cgs_exclude_from_tnc_science":false,"cgs_references":"","cgs_subhed":"Based on these new findings, says Conservancy marine scientist Mark Spalding, the world should be investing a lot more in preventing mangrove loss and 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