Traveling Naturalist: Spotting Wild Jaguars

What naturalist wouldn't want to see a wild jaguar? There's one place where observing these big cats isn't a quixotic quest, but a realistic expectation. A journey to the extensive wetlands and rivers of Brazil's Pantanal.

The jaguar has the reputation as being an incredibly difficult animal to spot in the wild; to read many guidebooks, you get the impression that you’d have to spend a lifetime in the rainforest to have any hope of spotting one.

Sure, they are found widely in Central and South America (and sometimes even show up in Arizona), but they don’t often show themselves.

But there is actually one spot where you can reliably observe and photograph wild jaguars: the northern Pantanal of Brazil.

The Pantanal is  the world’s largest tropical wetland, covering nearly 70,000 square miles. During the rainy season, as much as 80 percent of this area is flooded. These areas dry up in August and September, leaving behind small water holes crammed with fish, birds and caimans.

Thousands of yacare caimans congregate around water holes during the Pantanal's dry season. Photo: Matt Miller/TNC
Thousands of yacare caimans congregate around water holes during the Pantanal’s dry season. Photo: Matt Miller/TNC

My original goal when visiting the Pantanal was to see large herds of capybara, the world’s largest rodents. When I mentioned this to my guide, Julinho Monteiro of Pantanal Trackers, he looked bemused.

“I guarantee you’ll see capybaras,” he said. “How about we aim for something more exciting?”

He then mentioned that we had a decent chance of seeing jaguars. Wild jaguars? Seriously?

In the northern Pantanal, about an hour from the city of Cuiaba, is a rough dirt road that runs through the Pantanal’s wetlands. Called the Transpanteneira, it leads through the water holes, grass plains and cattle ranches that define the region.

Within minutes of heading onto this road, my wife Jennifer and I began seeing thousands of birds and huge congregations of caimans – a stunning sight for any naturalist

And yes, we saw capybaras. Hundreds of capybaras. If the thought of herds of aquatic, Labrador retriever-sized rodents gets your blood flowing, this is the place for you.

Herds of capybaras, the world's largest rodent, roam the Pantanal. Photo: Matt Miller/TNC
Herds of capybaras, the world’s largest rodent, roam the Pantanal. Photo: Matt Miller/TNC

We eventually reached the end of the road, at the small town of Porto Jofre. Here our quest to see jaguars began in earnest. We boarded a small boat and headed deep into the Pantanal, where we camped on the front lawn of a subsistence fisher.

In the early mornings, we’d drift along these remote rivers, searching for signs of big cats. It didn’t take long: within an hour, we sighted a jaguar moving through deep grass.

It didn’t offer the best photographic opportunities, but no matter: soon after that we saw three young jaguars together. A rare and incredible sighting.

Three jaguars peer from the river bank. Photo: Matt Miller/TNC
Three jaguars peer from the river bank. Photo: Matt Miller/TNC

The next morning we came across a much larger jaguar resting along a river bank. It was not bothered by our presence; it eventually fell asleep as we watched. We observed the beautiful animal for an hour, then quietly drifted on to look for other wildlife.

A jaguar sleeps as we quietly observe it from a short distance. Photo: Matt Miller/TNC
A jaguar sleeps as we quietly observe it from a short distance. Photo: Matt Miller/TNC

The Pantanal is a traveling naturalist’s dream. It’s undoubtedly the best spot in South America to see large wildlife. In our ten days there, we saw tapirs, a giant anteater, peccaries, three monkey species, crab-eating fox, marsh deer, giant otters and many other species.

Brown-striped tufted capuchin monkeys are one of three primate species commonly spotted in the northern Pantanal. Photo: Matt Miller/TNC
Brown-striped tufted capuchin monkeys are one of three primate species commonly spotted in the northern Pantanal. Photo: Matt Miller/TNC

There are huge flocks of wetland birds in astounding variety, as well as other specialties like the hyacinth macaw.

Hyacinth macaw. Photo: Matt Miller/TNC
Hyacinth macaw. Photo: Matt Miller/TNC

We visited several years ago, and since then, the northern Pantanal has become well known among hard-core wildlife watchers and wildlife researchers (including George Schaller) as the place to view jaguars.

A growing number of visitors go there searching each year, as evidenced by the trip reports on Jon Hall’s excellent Mammal Watching web site.

This undoubtedly raises concerns about the effects these tourists will have on shy, elusive jaguars. And certainly, it would be very easy to harass these animals.

But the Pantanal faces more significant threats, as demands for its land (for intensive agriculture) and water (for hydropower) increase. Wildlife tourism provides income to local people and cattle ranchers, who have coexisted remarkably well with the wildlife. A sustainably managed program could be a key part of the region’s future, and ensure that jaguars still rule the Pantanal’s river banks.

A Pantanal capybara. Photo: Matt Miller/TNC
A Pantanal capybara. Photo: Matt Miller/TNC

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12 comments

  1. Ken Miracle says:

    Wow … would love to photograph Jaguars … hope these guys do not have their habitat trashed.

  2. Julinho says:

    Thanks Matt it was wonderful to guide the article is great.

  3. Gunter Gerngross says:

    Dear Matt,

    My son and I would love to see Jaguars and other animals, but there is one question. When is the best time to go to Pantanal to see as much as possible?

    1. Hi Gunter,
      Undoubtedly, the best time to go to the Pantanal (not only for jaguars but for most wildlife) is the dry season, with August and September being excellent. During this time of year, the water levels drop and the wetlands dry up. This creates small ponds of water with trapped fish. This congregates many bird species and thousands of caimans in these pools of water. The opportunities to see various mammals are also excellent. The jaguars are mainly seen along the river out of Porto Jofre. Have fun!

  4. Cheryl Nash says:

    Is there anywhere just off of the Amazon River (a tributary perhaps or near a twon) that may be conducive to spotting jaguar, giant otters, toucans, macaws, or capybaras?

  5. Judith Schiller says:

    Thanks for these wonderful pictures! I will never get there, but what made the pictures so great, was they are so natural. Not just some tourist snapping away. I enjoyed them greatly. With so many negatives going on in the world, it’s the wildlife that still makes us marvel.

  6. Maggie Frazier says:

    Wonderful pictures – love seeing them where they live – “far from the maddening crowds”??